农业部关于进一步加强农村集体资金资产资源管理指导的意见
农业部
农业部关于进一步加强农村集体资金资产资源管理指导的意见
农经发[2009]4号
各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市农业（农林、农牧）厅（委、局、办）:
为深入贯彻落实党的十七届三中全会精神，稳定和完善农村基本经营制度，切实维护农村集体经济组织和农民群众的合法权益，现就进一步加强农村集体资金、资产、资源管理，建立健全有关制度提出如下意见。
一、加强农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的意义、目标和原则
农村集体资金、资产、资源属于村（组）集体经济组织（以下简称集体经济组织）全体成员集体所有，是发展农村经济和实现农民共同富裕的重要物质基础。加强农村集体资金、资产、资源管理，有利于稳定和完善农村基本经营制度，维护集体经济组织和农民群众的合法权益；有利于盘活农村集体存量资产，增加农民财产性收入；有利于壮大农村集体经济实力，增强集体组织为农户服务的功能；有利于推进农村党风廉政建设，密切党群干群关系。各级农村经营管理部门要充分认识加强农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的重要意义，切实把这项工作抓紧抓好。
农村集体资金、资产、资源管理工作，要以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，立足于稳定和完善以家庭承包为基础，统分结合的双层经营体制，切实维护好、实现好、发展好农民群众的根本利益，按照党的十七届三中全会提出的“健全农村集体资金、资产、资源管理制度，做到用制度管权、管事、管人”的要求，健全制度、规范管理、强化监督、加强服务，逐步形成产权明晰、权责明确、经营高效、管理民主、监督到位的管理体制和运行机制，促进集体经济发展壮大，促进农民收入增加，促进农村经济社会又好又快发展。
农村集体资金、资产、资源管理要充分体现农民群众的主体地位，切实维护农民的权益。必须坚持民主的原则，保障集体经济组织成员对资金、资产、资源占有、使用、收益和分配的知情权、决策权、管理权、监督权。必须坚持公开的原则，资金的使用和收益应当向全体成员公开，资产和资源的承包、租赁、出让应当实行招标投标或公开竞价。必须坚持成员受益的原则，遵循资金、资产、资源管理的规律和特点，采取不同的经营模式和管理方式，提高经营管理水平，节本增效，确保资金、资产、资源的安全和保值增值，让农民群众随着集体经济壮大，得到更多的实惠。
二、建立健全农村集体资金、资产、资源管理制度
集体经济组织代表其成员行使农村集体资金、资产、资源管理职责，必须建立健全各项管理制度，做到有章理事，按制度办事。
（一）规范农村集体资金管理制度
1．财务收入管理制度。集体经济组织的经营、发包、租赁、投资、资产处置等集体收入，上级转移支付资金以及补助、补偿资金，社会捐赠资金，“一事一议”资金，集体建设用地收益等，应当及时入账核算，做到应收尽收。严禁公款私存、私设小金库。要加强票据管理，杜绝“白条”抵库。要定期与开户银行核对账目，定期盘点库存现金，做到日清月结，账款相符，账实相符。
2．财务开支审批制度。日常开支按规定程序审批，重大事项开支应当履行民主程序。财务开支事项发生时，经手人必须取得合法的原始凭证，注明用途并签字（盖章），交民主理财小组集体审核。审核同意后，由民主理财小组组长签字（盖章），报经主管财务的负责人审批同意并签字（盖章），由会计人员审核记账。财务流程完成后，要按照财务公开程序进行公开，接受全体成员监督。
3．财务预决算制度。年初应当编制全年资金预算方案，按民主程序形成决议并张榜公布；预算调整时，要严格履行相关程序。年终应当及时进行决算，并将预算执行情况和决算结果向全体成员公布。
4．资金管理岗位责任制度。明确各财务管理岗位的职责、权限，实行账、款分管，支票、财务印鉴分别保管。实行会计委托代理的地方，要按照会计核算主体分设账户（簿）。应当尊重各集体经济组织的资产所有权和财产管理自主权，不得改变集体资金的性质。
5.财务公开制度。集体经济组织应当将财务活动情况及有关账目，定期逐笔逐项向全体成员公布，接受群众监督。年初公布财务收支计划，每月或每季度公布各项收入、支出情况，年末公布各项财产、债权债务、收益分配等情况。
（二）健全农村集体资产管理制度
1．资产清查制度。定期进行资产清查，重点清查核实集体经济组织所有的各种资产、负债和所有者权益，做到账实、账款相符。
2．资产台账制度。集体所有的房屋、建筑物、机器、设备、工具、器具和农业基本建设设施等固定资产，要按资产的类别建立固定资产台账，及时记录资产增减变动情况。资产台账的内容主要包括：资产的名称、类别、数量、单位、购建时间、预计使用年限、原始价值、折旧额、净值等。实行承包、租赁经营的，还应当登记承包、租赁单位（人员）名称，承包费或租赁金以及承包、租赁期限等。已出让或报废的，应当及时核销。
3．资产评估制度。集体经济组织以招标投标方式承包、租赁、出让集体资产，以参股、联营、合作方式经营集体资产，集体经济组织实行产权制度改革、合并或者分设等，应当进行资产评估。评估由农村经营管理部门或具有资质的单位实施。评估结果要按权属关系经集体经济组织成员的全体村民会议或村民代表会议确认。
4．资产承包、租赁、出让制度。集体资产实行承包、租赁、出让应当制定相关方案，明确资产的名称、数量、用途，承包、租赁、出让的条件及其价格，是否招标投标等事项；同时履行民主程序。集体资产承包、租赁、出让经营时，应当签订经济合同，明确双方的权利、义务、违约责任等，并向全体成员公开。经济合同及有关资料应当及时归档并报乡（镇）农村经营管理站备案。
5．资产经营制度。集体资产实行承包、租赁、出让经营的，要加强合同履行的监督检查，公开合同履行情况；收取的承包费和租赁金归集体经济组织所有，纳入账内核算。集体经济组织统一经营的资产，要明确经营管理责任人的责任和经营目标，确定决策机制、管理机制和收益分配机制，并向全体成员公开。集体经济组织实行股份制或者股份合作制经营的，其股份收益归集体经济组织所有，纳入账内核算。要定期对集体资产的使用、维护和收益进行检查，确保集体资产的安全和保值增值。
（三）建立农村集体资源管理制度
1．资源登记簿制度。法律规定属于集体所有的土地、林地、草地、荒地、滩涂等集体资源，应当建立集体资源登记簿，逐项记录。资源登记簿的主要内容包括：资源的名称、类别、坐落、面积等。实行承包、租赁经营的集体资源，还应当登记资源承包、租赁单位（个人）的名称、地址，承包、租赁资源的用途，承包费或租赁金，期限和起止日期等。农村集体建设用地以及发生农村集体建设用地使用权出让事项等要重点记录。
2．公开协商和招标投标制度。集体所有且没有采取家庭承包方式的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩，以及果园、养殖水面等集体资源的承包、租赁，应当采取公开协商或者招标投标的方式进行。以公开协商方式承包、租赁集体资源的，承包费、租赁金由双方议定。以招标投标方式承包、租赁集体资源的，承包费、租赁金应当通过公开竞标、竞价确定。招标应当确定方案，载明招标人的名称和地址，明确项目的名称、数量、用途、期限、标底等内容；招标方案必须履行民主程序。在招标中，同等条件下，本集体经济组织成员享有优先中标权。招标投标方案、招标公告、招标合同和相关资料应当报乡（镇）农村经营管理站备案。
3．资源承包、租赁合同管理制度。集体资源的承包、租赁应当签订书面协议，统一编号，实行合同管理。合同应当使用统一文本，明确双方的权利、义务、违约责任等。上交的收入归集体经济组织所有，纳入账内核算并定期公开。经济合同及有关资料应及时归档并报乡（镇）农村经营管理站备案。
4．集体建设用地收益专项管理制度。农村集体建设用地是集体资产和资源的重要组成部分，其收益归集体经济组织所有，主要用于发展生产、增加集体积累、集体福利和公益事业等方面，改善农民的生产生活条件，不得用于发放干部报酬、支付招待费用等非生产性开支。农村集体建设用地收益要纳入账内核算，严格实行专户存储、专账管理、专款专用、专项审计监督。
三、强化民主管理和民主监督，推进农村集体经济管理方式创新
农村集体资金、资产、资源管理要适应农村改革发展的新形势新要求，强化民主管理和民主监督，积极推进改革创新，增强集体经济组织发展的活力和为农户服务的能力。
（一）强化民主管理和民主监督。民主管理和民主监督是加强集体资金、资产和资源管理的基础，是完善集体经济组织管理体制和机制的重要方面。集体经济组织的年度财务预算和决算，年度收益分配方案，集体资金、资产、资源经营方式的确定及变更，购置或者处分重要固定资产，重大投资项目或举债，集体经济组织产权制度改革，以及其他有关集体资金、资产、资源管理的重大事项，都要依法召开本集体经济组织成员的全体村民会议或村民代表会议，履行民主程序。集体经济组织应当定期向本集体经济组织成员公布资金、资产、资源运营情况，听取本集体经济组织成员对集体资金、资产、资源管理工作的意见和建议，接受全体成员的监督。村务公开监督小组或者民主理财小组应当对集体资金、资产、资源管理的事项进行监督，对集体资金、资产、资源的使用、维护和收益分配不当的提出整改意见。
（二）推进农村集体经济组织产权制度改革。要稳妥推进集体经济组织产权制度改革，探索集体经济的有效实现形式。有条件但还未开展集体经济组织产权制度改革的地方，要加强调查研究，有计划地开展试点工作；已实行产权制度改革的集体经济组织，要建立健全股东大会或股东代表大会、董事会、监事会等机构，强化内部控制机制，完善经营管理制度，确立激励和约束相结合的运行机制。
（三）发展农民新的联合与合作。鼓励和支持集体经济组织利用资金、资产和资源，以入股、合作、租赁、专业承包等形式，与承包大户、技术能人、企业、技术服务机构等进行联合和合作，实现多元化、多层次、多形式经营，发展和壮大集体经济实力，增强集体经济组织服务功能。
（四）完善会计委托代理制。要在坚持民主自愿和集体资产所有权、使用权、审批权和收益权不变原则的基础上，进一步完善会计委托代理制。加强会计委托代理机构的建设，科学设置代理机构岗位，健全内部管理监督制度，规范代理服务工作流程，防止截留挪用集体资金。会计委托代理机构应当定期向集体经济组织报告账务代理工作情况，切实发挥服务、监督的职责。积极探索创新农村集体资金、资产、资源管理服务方式。
四、切实加强对农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的指导、监督和服务
农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的指导、监督和服务，是各级农村经营管理部门的重要职责，要切实履行职责，加强农村集体资金、资产、资源的管理指导工作。
（一）加强农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的指导。各级农村经营管理部门要加强调查研究，结合实际制定农村集体资金、资产、资源保值增值的政策措施。要加强农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的法规建设，已经出台农村集体资产管理法规的省（区、市），要加大贯彻落实的力度，并根据改革发展中出现的新情况、新问题，完善相关规定；尚未出台的省（区、市），要抓紧制定有关农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的法规和制度。要因地制宜，分类指导，帮助集体经济组织建立健全农村集体资金、资产、资源管理制度。
（二）强化农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的监督。各级农村经营管理部门要强化审计监督。对集体经济组织财务预算和决算、资金的使用和收益分配进行定期审计，对农民群众反映强烈的集体资金、资产、资源问题进行重点审计，对集体资产和资源的运营进行专项审计。要建立健全责任追究制度，对审计查出侵占集体资金和资产问题的，应当责成责任人将侵占的集体资金和资产如数退还集体经济组织；构成违纪的，移交纪检监察部门处理；构成犯罪的，依法移送司法机关追究刑事责任。
（三）提高农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的服务水平。各级农村经营管理部门，要加强农村集体资金、资产、资源经济合同管理和服务，指导和帮助集体经济组织依法规范合同，签订合同，履行合同，调解处理合同纠纷。要指导和帮助集体经济组织以及实行会计委托代理制的乡（镇）会计委托代理机构，做好涉及农村集体资金、资产、资源管理的会议决定、承包租赁方案、经济合同、招标文书、财务会计等资料的立卷归档工作，实行电算化管理的地方应当进行电子归档。要定期对委托代理机构进行监督检查，提高服务质量。要加强队伍建设，县以上农村经营管理部门要积极争取培训经费，加大对农村集体财务会计管理人员、民主理财小组成员、乡（镇）村级会计委托代理服务人员、审计人员的培训力度，努力培养和造就一支高素质的农村集体资金、资产、资源管理队伍。
中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)
1990年12月5日，国务院
第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强海上国际集装箱运输管理，明确有关各方责任，适应国家对外贸易的需要，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的海上国际集装箱运输企业及与海上国际集装箱运输有关的单位和个人。
第三条 中华人民共和国交通部主管全国海上国际集装箱运输事业。
第四条 海上国际集装箱运输必须贯彻安全、准确、迅速、经济和文明服务的方针，积极发展门到门运输。
第二章 海上国际集装箱运输企业的开业审批
第五条 海上国际集装箱运输企业是指从事海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业、港口装卸企业及其承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站。
第六条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业，应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审核，报交通部审批。
第七条 设立港口国际集装箱装卸企业应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批，报交通部备案。
本办法发布后新设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站，应当经设立该企业的主管部门审核同意后，由省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批，报交通部备案。
对外经济贸易系统新设立的承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站的审批办法，由交通部会同对外经济贸易部另行制定。
第八条 设立中外合资经营、中外合作经营的海上国际集装箱运输企业，须经交通部审核同意后，按照有关法律、法规的规定，由对外经济贸易部审批。
第九条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业，应当具备以下条件：
（一）有与其经营范围和服务对象相适应的运输船舶、车辆、设备及其他有关设施；
（二）有相应的组织机构、办公场所、专业管理人员；
（三）有与所经营的集装箱运输业务相适应的注册资本和自有流动资金；
（四）国家法律、法规规定的设立企业的其他条件。
第十条 交通主管部门应当根据申请经营海上国际集装箱运输企业的资金来源、设备情况、管理水平、货源情况，审核批准其业务经营范围。
第十一条 交通主管部门应当将批准文件发给获准经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业。取得批准文件的单位，凭该文件向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册，经核准发给营业执照后，方可开业。
设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站，还应当向海关办理登记手续。
第三章 货运管理
第十二条 用于海上国际集装箱运输的集装箱，应当符合国际集装箱标准化组织规定的技术标准和有关国际集装箱公约的规定。
集装箱所有人、经营人应当做好集装箱的管理和维修工作，定期进行检验，以保证提供适宜于货物运输的集装箱。
违反本条第二款规定，造成货物损坏或短缺的，由责任人按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十三条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当保证运载集装箱的船舶、车辆、装卸机械及工具处于良好的技术状况，确保集装箱的运输及安全。
承运人及港口装卸企业违反本条第一款规定，造成货物损坏或短缺的，应当按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十四条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当使用集装箱运输单证。
第十五条 承运人可以直接组织承揽集装箱货物，托运人可以直接向承运人或委托货运代理人洽办进出口集装箱货物的托运业务。
第十六条 托运人应当如实申报货物的品名、性质、数量、重量、规格。托运的集装箱货物，必须符合集装箱运输的要求，其标志应当明显、清楚。
第十七条 托运人或承运人在货物装箱前应当认真检查箱体，不得使用影响货物运输、装卸安全的集装箱。
第十八条 装运粮油食品、冷冻品等易腐食品的集装箱，须经商检机构检验合格后方可使用。
第十九条 集装箱货物运达目的地后，承运人应当及时向收货人发出提货通知，收货人应当在收到通知后，凭提单提货。
收货人超过规定期限不提货或不按期限归还集装箱的，应当按照有关规定或合同约定支付货物、集装箱堆存费及支付集装箱超期使用费。
第二十条 海上国际集装箱的运费和其他费用，应当根据国家有关运输价格和费率的规定计收；国家没有规定的，按照双方商定的价格计收。任何单位不得乱收费用。
第二十一条 承运人及港口装卸企业，应当定期向交通主管部门报送运输统计报表。
第二十二条 与海上国际集装箱运输相关的各方应当及时相互提供集装箱运输信息。
第四章 交接和责任
第二十三条 承运人与托运人或收货人应当根据提单确定的交接方式，在码头堆场、货运站或双方商定的其他地点办理集装箱、集装箱货物交接。
第二十四条 参加海上国际集装箱运输的承运人、港口装卸企业应当按照下列规定办理集装箱交接：
（一）海上承运人通过理货机构与港口装卸企业在船边交接；
（二）经水路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业与水路承运人在船边交接；
（三）经公路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业与公路承运人在集装箱码头大门交接；
（四）经铁路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业或公路承运人与铁路承运人在装卸场交接。
第二十五条 集装箱交接时，交接双方应当检查箱号、箱体和封志。重箱凭封志和箱体状况交接；空箱凭箱体状况交接。
交接双方检查箱号、箱体和封志后，应当作出记录，并共同签字确认。
第二十六条 承运人、港口装卸企业对集装箱、集装箱货物的损坏或短缺的责任，交接前由交方承担，交接后由接方承担。但如果在交接后一百八十天内，接方能提出证据证明集装箱的损坏或集装箱货物的损坏或短缺是由交方原因造成，交方应当承担赔偿责任。法律另有规定的除外。
第二十七条 除法律另有规定外，承运人与托运人应当根据下列规定，对集装箱货物的损坏或短缺负责：
（一）由承运人负责装箱的货物，从承运人收到货物后至运达目的地交付收货人之前的期间内，箱内货物损坏或短缺，由承运人负责。
（二）由托运人负责装箱的货物，从装箱托运后至交付收货人之前的期间内，如箱体和封志完好，货物损坏或短缺，由托运人负责；如箱体损坏或封志破坏，箱内货物损坏或短缺，由承运人负责。
承运人与托运人或收货人之间要求赔偿的时效，从集装箱货物交付之日起算不超过一百八十天，但法律另有规定的除外。
第二十八条 由于托运人对集装箱货物申报不实造成人员伤亡，运输工具、货物自身及其他货物、集装箱损失的，由托运人负责。
第二十九条 由于装箱人的过失，造成人员伤亡，运输工具、其他货物、集装箱损失的，由装箱人负责。
第三十条 集装箱货物发生损坏或短缺，对外索赔时需要商检部门鉴定出证的，应当依照《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》办理。
集装箱、集装箱货物发生短缺，对外索赔时需要理货机构出证的，应当依照有关规定办理。
第五章 罚 则
第三十一条 无运输营业执照从事集装箱运输业务的，由交通主管部门责令其停止营业，由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十二条 违反本规定及国家有关物价法规收取运输费用的，由物价管理部门给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反运输单证管理规定的，由交通主管部门视情节轻重给予警告或罚款。
第三十四条 扰乱运输秩序或随意扩大业务经营范围的，由交通主管部门责令其整顿，并由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十五条 当事人对处罚决定不服的，可以在收到处罚通知的次日起十五日内，向处罚机关的上一级机关申请复议。接到复议申请的机关应当在三十日内作出复议决定。当事人对复议决定仍不服的，可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议、不起诉，又不履行处罚决定或复议决定的，作出处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第六章 附 则
第三十六条 本规定由交通部负责解释。
交通部可以根据本规定制定实施细则。
第三十七条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATIONOF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION
OF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT
(Promulgated by Decree No. 68 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on December 5, 1990, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the administration
of maritime international container transport, to clearly define the
responsibilities of the various parties concerned, and to meet the State's
needs in handling foreign trade.
Article 2
These Provisions shall apply to those enterprises that are established
within the territory of the People's Republic of China for the handling of
maritime international container transport, and also to units and
individuals that are involved in the operations of maritime international
container transport.
Article 3
The Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China shall be
responsible for the administration of the operations of maritime
international container transport throughout the country.
Article 4
In conducting maritime international container transport, the principles
of safety, accuracy, speed, economy, and civilized services must be
followed and door-to-door transportation shall be actively developed.
Chapter II Procedures for the Examination and Approval of Applica- tions for the Establishment of Enterprises That Handle Maritime Inter- national Container Transport
Article 5
"Enterprises for the operations of maritime international container
transport" refers to those shipping enterprises that are engaged in
maritime international container transport, and also to those enterprises
that are engaged in port handling, with their inland transshipment
stations and freight stations that undertake maritime international
container transport.
Article 6
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
the operations of maritime international container transport shall be
submitted to the competent departments for communications of the
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government for examination and verification, and then to the
Ministry of Communications for examination and approval.
Article 7
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
port handling of international containers shall be submitted to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval, and then to the Ministry of Communications for
the record.
After the promulgation of these Provisions, the applications for the
establishment of new inland transshipment stations and freight stations
that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be
submitted first to the competent department that has established the said
enterprise for examination, verification, and consent; and then to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval; and finally to the Ministry of Communications
for the record. The procedures for the examination and approval of the
applications for the establishment of new transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of
Communications in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade.
Article 8
The applications for the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures that handle
maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the
Ministry of Communications for examination, verification, and consent; and
shall then, in accordance with the provisions of the pertinent laws and
regulations, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations
and Trade for examination and approval.
Article 9
The establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations of
maritime international container transport must satisfy the following
conditions:
(1) to have transport vessels, transport motor vehicles, transport
equipment and other relevant facilities that correspond to their scope of
business and to the needs of their customers;
(2) to have the necessary organizational structure, site for setting up
their business office, and specialized administrative personnel;
(3) to have the registered capital and their own working capital that
meets the requirements of their business operations;
(4) to meet other conditions as stipulated by State laws, decrees and
regulations governing the establishment of enterprises.
Article 10
The competent department for communications shall examine, verify and
approve the scope of business operations of the enterprises that have
applied for the permission to handle maritime international container
transport in light of their sources of funds, the conditions of equipment
and facilities, the standard of administration, and the sources of
cargoes.
Article 11
The competent department of communications shall issue the approving
documents to those enterprises, which have obtained the approval to handle
maritime international container transport. The units that have received
the approving documents shall apply and go through the registration
procedures by presenting the aforesaid approving documents to the
administrative department for industry and commerce, which shall issue the
business licences after checking and approving the enterprises'
application: and only then shall the enterprises be permitted to start
business operations.
Cases concerning the establishment of inland transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall also be submitted to the Customs for the completion of
the registration procedures.
Chapter III Management of Freight Transportation
Article 12
The containers used in maritime international container transport shall
conform to the provisions and technical standards of the international
organization for the standardization of containers, and also to the
provisions of the pertinent international containers convention.
The owners and operators of containers shall do a good job in the
management and maintenance of containers and carry out regular
inspections, in order to guarantee the provision of containers that are
suitable for the transportation of cargoes. In case that the provisions
in the second paragraph of this Article have been violated, and, as a
result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, the person(s)
who is (are) held responsible for this shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 13
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall
guarantee that the vessels, motor vehicles, handling machinery and tools
are kept in a good technical condition, thereby ensuring the
transportation and safety of containers. In case that shippers and
enterprises that are engaged in port handling have violated the provisions
in the first paragraph of this Article, and, as a result, goods are
damaged or short in number or quantity, they shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 14
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling shall use the
container shipping documents.
Article 15
Shippers may directly organize the contracting of the transportation of
container goods, and consignors may directly hold business talks with
shippers or commission shipping agents for the consignment of import and
export container goods.
Article 16
Consignors shall submit an accurate report on the names of goods, and
their property, quantity, weight, and specifications. The goods shipped by
consignment in containers must conform to the requirements of container
transport, and marks on the goods should be obvious and clear.
Article 17
Consignors or shippers shall, before vanning, carry out a careful
inspection of containers, and containers that might cause an adverse
effect on to the transportation and vanning of goods may not be used.
Article 18
Containers which are used for shipping such perishables as grains, edible
oils, and frozen food, shall be inspected by the department for commodity
inspection and found to be up to the standard before they are used for
shipping.
Article 19
As soon as container goods have reached their destination, the shipper
shall promptly send a cargo delivery notice to the consignee; and the
consignee shall, upon receiving the notice, take delivery of goods on the
strength of the bill of lading. In case that the consignee fails to clear
the goods when the prescribed time limit is overdue, or that the consignee
fails to return the containers according to the prescribed time limit, the
said consignee shall be required to pay, in accordance with the pertinent
stipulations or with the agreement set forth in the contract, the
demurrage charge for the extended use of containers.
Article 20
The freight charges for maritime international container transport and
other expenses shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the
State provisions concerning shipping charges and charge rates. In the
absence of State provisions, the freight charges shall be calculated and
collected in accordance with the prices agreed upon by both parties. No
units shall be permitted to collect charges at random.
Article 21
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall submit
periodical statistical statements on transportation to the competent
department for communications.
Article 22
Various parties that are involved in maritime international container
transport shall, in good time, provide each other with information
concerning container transport.
Chapter IV Hand-Over Procedures and Responsibilities
Article 23
Shippers and consignors or consignees shall, in accordance with the hand-
over method stipulated in the bill of lading, handle the hand-over
operations of containers and container goods at marshalling yards, freight
stations, or other places agreed upon by the two parties concerned.
Article 24
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, which take
part in maritime international container transport, shall handle the hand-
over operations in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) maritime shippers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside
vessel through the tally companies and enterprises that are engaged in
port handling;
(2) with respect to containers transported by waterways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and waterway
carriers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside vessel;
(3) with respect to containers transported by highways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and highway carriers
shall handle the hand-over operations at the gate of the container
terminal;
(4) with respect to containers transported by railway through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling or highway carriers
and railway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the site of
handling.
Article 25
While handling the hand-over operations of containers, the two handling
parties shall check the container numbers, the bodies of containers and
the containers' marking seals. The loaded containers shall be handed over
by their marking seals and by the condition of container body: and the
empty containers shall be handed over by condition of container body.
After checking the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the
marking seals, the two handling parties shall make a record and confirm it
by appending their signatures to the record.
Article 26
With respect to the liabilities of shippers and enterprises that are
engaged in port handling for the damage and loss of containers and
container goods, before the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall be
taken up by the handing-over party; after the hand-over operations, the
liabilities shall be taken up by the receiving party. However, if, within
180 days immediately after the hand-over operations, the receiving party
is able to produce evidence to testify to the fact that the damage of the
containers, or the damage and loss of container goods, were caused by the
handing-over party, then the handing-over party shall take up the
liabilities for compensation, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 27
Unless otherwise provided by law, shippers and consignors shall, in
accordance with the following provisions, take up the liabilities for the
damage or loss of container goods:
(1) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
shippers, if the goods in the containers are damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the day the shippers
receive the goods to the day when the goods reach their destination but
before they are handed over to the consignees, the shippers shall take up
the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
(2) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
consignors, if the container bodies and the marking seals have remained
intact but the goods (in the containers) have been damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the completion of the
vanning and the completion of the procedures for consignment to the day
before the containers are handed over to the consignees, the consignors
shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage; if the container
bodies are damaged or the marking seals broken, and the goods in the
containers are also damaged or are short in number or quantity, the
shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
The time limits for shippers and consignors or consignees to raise claims
for compensation shall be limited to no more than 180 days, beginning from
the day when container goods are handed over, unless otherwise provided by
law.
Article 28
In case that the consignors' inaccurate or false declaration on container
goods has resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of
means of transport of the goods proper and the containers, or of other
goods, the consignors shall bear the liabilities for the consequences
arising therefrom.
Article 29
In case that the fault of the person in charge of the vanning has resulted
in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport,
of other goods, or containers, the aforesaid person shall bear the
liabilities for the consequences arising therefrom.
Article 30
In case that the damage or shortage in number or quantity of container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates an appraisal and the issue of the relevant certificate by the
administrative department for commodity inspection, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the provisions in the Law of the People's
Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities. In
case that the shortage in number or quantity of containers or container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates the issue of the relevant certificate by the tally
department, the case shall be handled in accordance with the pertinent
provisions.
Chapter V Provisions on Penalties
Article 31
With respect to those who are engaged in container transport business
without a business licence for handling transport business, the competent
department for communications shall order them to cease business
operations, and penalties shall be imposed on them by the administrative
department for industry and commerce.
Article 32
With respect to those who have received shipping charges in violation of
these Provisions and the relevant laws and regulations of the State on
commodity prices, they shall be penalized by the department for the
control of commodity prices.
Article 33
With respect to those who have violated the administration of transport
documents, they shall be given an administrative warning or a pecuniary
penalty by the competent department for communications in light of the
seriousness of the cases.
Article 34
With respect to those who have disturbed the normal order of
transportation or have expanded their scope of business without
authorization, they shall be ordered by the competent department for
communications to carry out rectification of their business, and shall be
penalized by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 35
In the event that the person concerned does not accept the decision on
penalties, he/she may, within 15 days as of the first day after the
receipt of the notice of the decision on penalties, appeal to the
competent department immediately above the punishing department for
reconsideration of the aforesaid decision on penalties. The competent
department that has received the appeal for reconsideration shall, within
30 days (after receiving the appeal), make the decision on
reconsideration. If the person concerned still does not accept the
decision of the reconsideration, he/she may, within 15 days immediately
after receiving the decision on reconsideration, bring a suit before a
people's court. If the person concerned neither appeal for
reconsideration, nor bring a suit before the people's court, nor execute
the decision on penalties or the decision of the reconsideration within
the prescribed period of time, the department that has made the decision
on penalties may apply to the people's court for enforcement.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 36
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of
Communications. The Ministry of Communications may formulate the rules for
implementation in accordance with these Provisions.
Article 37
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
